Figs are a dioecious fruit species. The fruits containing male and female flowers (syconiums) are found on separate trees. The botanical name of fig is ‘Ficus carica’. Named after the ancient fig, named after the settlement area ‘Caria’, has a history of thousands of years in Anatolia and the Aegean has. Considered as a symbol of fertility in ancient Greek and Egyptian civilisations fig culture in Anatolia is as old as human culture, Herodotus He stated in his writings in 484 BC.
In ancient Greece, fig leaves were considered an honourable gift. the wearing of crowns made of fig leaves on the head, excessive fertility means that dried figs were one of the ten basic blessings of life in Lydia. the meaningful and long journey of figs from those days to today gives clues. Figs are found in all civilisations of Anatolia and the Aegean, It has always symbolised abundance and fertility for generations. In religious books and it has acquired a sacred character with its reception.
Fig; Ficus genus of the Moraceae family of the Urticales order Ficus carica is a species. There are many wild and cultivated subspecies. Fig culture In Anatolia, it is one of the most cultivated fruits dating back as far back as the history of mankind. is one of the fruits with an old development history. The homeland of figs is Turkey, from there to China and India via Syria, Palestine and then the Middle East spread. Figs require special fertilisation and specific drying conditions. Being a fruit makes the regions where it grows limited. Although fig is a subtropical Although it is a fruit, due to its wide ecological adaptability, it can be found all over the coast of our country. It is grown commercially in the belt and is used for the production of dried and fresh figs. It is intensively produced in Büyük and Küçük Menderes basins. It requires mild winters and hot and dry places in summers. Annual average temperature 18-20 °C where it grows. May-October from fruit emergence to the end of harvest months, with higher average temperatures and especially fruit ripeness average up to 30 °C during the drying period (August-September) temperatures are desirable.
Fig is a plant that sheds its leaves in winter. It needs very little winter chilling. for the most part. Temperatures below -9 °C for a very short time can be harmful. Young trees are damaged by early frosts down to -3, -4 °C in October-November. can see. Young trees may die at -6, -8 °C in winter. In late March and April at -1 °C and below low spring frosts damage new shoot growth and cause crop failure cause. In late winter, drops in air temperature of up to -4, -7 °C cause men bull crop in figs, thus causing damage to the sting bee. Optimal annual rainfall requirement is 625 mm. If the amount of precipitation falls below 550 mm, it should be irrigated. November-June in terms of drying precipitation months, and the drying season, July-September, is rainy and dry. It is desired to be cloudless. Air relative humidity between 40-45% during the drying season should not exceed 50 per cent. In almost all but very moist soils other plants in the soil, on rocks, in crevices of stones, even as epiphytes on which it grows. When it comes to the quality of dried figs, soil as well as climate requirements also selective in terms of their requirements. Deep, sandy-clay, sufficient organic material and requires soils with lime. Best development in 120 cm. and deeper soils shows. Fig trees grow well in soils rich in lime. Soil In terms of reaction, neutral and near neutral soils with a pH of 6-7.8 are suitable. Soil is a plant less resistant to salinity.
Botanical Characteristics and Ecological Requirements of Fig
Single-stemmed under favourable climatic conditions, where there is a danger of frost is cultivated in the form of a hearth. Trees are average, also depending on the variety grows 8-10 metres tall, provided. The branches are brittle and generally ash coloured. The shoots that form the branch system of figs are the tops of one-year branches called pacifiers. from the eyes. In many fig varieties the branches always run from the tip. In figs wood and fruit branches of different character do not form. Flower eyes also wood eyes also occur in the leaf axils on the same shoot. Leaves It occurs in different forms, usually with a segmented, hairy common feature. Fruit in the form of a swollen, fleshy, hollow sheath, the inner surface of which is completely covered with flowers. Fig the fruit is actually formed by the growth and fleshing of the fig flower sheath (receptacle) is a false fruit. This structure, which is seen in all Ficus species. It’s called ‘Syconium’
The flowering state of figs and the associated as fertilisation biology is of particular importance. Fig is a dioecious fruit species. Fruits containing male and female flowers (syconium) on separate trees is found