What is a Flower? A flower is a short shoot whose leaves are modified to serve sexual reproduction. The leaves on the short shoot are more or less modified to form the floral cover and sexual organs. Each flower arises from the arm of a leaf, but this leaf is not like a normal leaf, but more like a scale, and in some plants it is completely atrophied. These leaves are called “Brahte”. The branch that emerges from the bract and bears a flower at its end is called a pedicel. Flowers with both male and female organs are called hermaphrodite, while those with only one of the male and female organs are called hermaphrodite or hermaphrodite. If male and female flowers are located on separate branches of the same plant (e.g. Quercus, Betula, Abies, Pinus), these plants are called “monoecious” plants. If the male and female flowers are on separate trees, they are called “dioecious” plants.
For example, Taxus, Salix, Populus. Some plants have both hermaphrodite and male and female flowers. can be found separately, these are called polygamous plants. For example Fraxinus, Acer. The arrangement of the leaves on the shoot; when normal shoots are carefully examined, it can be seen that in order for fertilization to occur in flowers, flower dust (pollen) must be transported to the stigma of the female organ by a vehicle. Plants whose pollen is carried by wind are called “Anemogam”, plants whose pollen is carried by insects are called “Entomogam”, plants whose pollen is carried by water are called “Hydrogam” and plants whose pollen is pollinated by birds are called “Ornithogam”.
In the plant kingdom, pollen is mostly transported by winds and insects.
Flower assemblages: Flowers are found either individually on the shoots or many flowers together on a branched axis. This collective state is called a “Flower Board” or “Inflorescence”. In the case of individual flowers, if this flower is located at the tip of the shoot, the vegetative growth of that shoot is stopped; such a flower is called “Terminal Flower”. If the flower is not at the top of the shoot but on the side, the flowers do not interfere with the vegetative growth of the plant. In this case they are called “Lateral Flowers”. Floral whorls are classified as simple and compound, or as “racemose” or “cymose” according to the type of branching.
Racemose: A monopodial branching is observed in the floral assembly. In other words, the main axis continues to grow and the side branches emerge from the sides of this axis. The main axis remains more dominant than the side branches. It is divided into two groups.